![]() ![]() c) B claims of having detected 8 resonance frequencies in MHz range assignable to some kind of quantal excitations. The fact that resistence does not depend on temperature sug- gests the same. The resistance does not de- pendon the length of the microtubule suggesting that the current is supracurrent inside the pathway and resistance is associated with its ends. b) B claims having found evi- dence for current carrying helical conduction pathways. Effects suggesting macroscopic quantum coherence appear only if water is present. The microtubule interior is either filled with water or does not contain it. There are three frequency scales corresponding to kHz, MHz, and GHz in correspondence with the structure of microtubule. a) Studies the effects of AC currents flowing through micro- tubule in different situations. The findings of the team led by Anirban Bandyopathyay (hereafter B) provide proof for macroscopic quantum cohe- rence if true. f) Second objection is that macroscopic quantum coherence is not possible at physiological temperatu- res in standard physics., THE ROLE OF MICROTUBULES 2. This is a serious objection against P-H theory. It however seems that it is the B form which is stable. ![]() e) P and H assume that A forms dominates in living matter. ![]() For B form this symmetry is broken and basic unit is 13 tubulins long. ![]() It has been theorized to possess A and B forms. d) Microtubule is cylindrical lattice with periodicity of 13 units. c) Microtubules consists tubulins molecules which are dimers formed from α and β tubulins and pos- sess two basic conforma- tions suggesting interpre- tation as bits. b) In Penrose- Hameroff theoryof consciousness microtubules have key role as candidates for macro- scopically quantum coherent systems. Background: a) There is a lot of empirical support for the special role of in neuroscience. The continual variation of microtubule length would induce frequency modula- tion perhaps allowing to code information in same manner as in the case of "whale's song"., THE ROLE OF MICROTUBULES 1. f) Microtubules could also act as quantum antennas. e) The TGD based model for findings of Pollack suggests that the water inside MT corresponds to "fourth phase of water" obeying stoichio- metry H_1.5O and being negatily charged due to the transfer of protons to dark protons at magnetic flux tubes outside MT. d) Ferro-electric square hysteresis curve would correspond to quantum phase transitions changing the direction of dark electron current. c) The nodes of the grid would correspond to tubu- lin molecules. This would resolve the basic objection against biological role of A type microtubules. b) The phase would contain super-con- ducting dark electrons at flux tubes. a) Flux tubes would form a helical grid at the surfa- ce of microtubule in A type state generated via a phase transition from B type state induced by AC current at resonance frequency or by dark photons. TGD inspired model is based on magnetic flux tubes as carriers of supra currents. A connection?, THE ROLE OF MICROTUBULES 3. e) If one has 3-D coordinate grid formed by flux tubes and 3 flux tubes meet at each node, 3×2=6 bits are needed at each node to characterize tqc program. d) This picture is expected to apply quite generally by fractaility of TGD and magn- netic flux tube web. This lattice of bits defines tqc program. This together with the braiding operation means that each node involves 2 bits. c) The reconnection of flux possibly occurring in node defines stringy vertex. This defines gene- ralization of tqc using 2- braiding. b) Flux tubes are identifi- able as strings whose orbits canget knotted and form 2-braids at 4-D space-time surface. One obtains braiding defining topological quantum compu- tation (tqc) program. This bit could be coded by tubulin conformation. At each node flux tube goes over or below the second one. a) Flux tubes would form a braid strands. This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: The role of microtubules.cmap, THE ROLE OF MICROTUBULES 4. If you need help turning JavaScript On, click here. None of the links on this concept map will The role of microtubules.html WARNING: JavaScript is turned OFF. ![]()
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